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“水錘效應”（Water hammer effect )

是指(zhi)當打開的閥(fa)門突然關閉(bi)，由于壓力水(shui)流的慣性，産(chǎn)生水🙇🏻流沖擊(ji)波，并産生破(pò)壞作用，這就(jiu)是水利⭐學當(dāng)中的“水(shuǐ)錘效應”，也就是正水(shui)錘。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反(fǎn)，關閉的閥門(mén)在突然打開(kai)後，也會産生(shēng)水錘，叫負水(shuǐ)錘，也⚽有一定(ding)的破壞力，但(dàn)沒有前者大(da)。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘效(xiao)應就好像是(shi)追尾，最前面(mian)的車突然停(tíng)車了，為後面(miàn)的車未及時(shi)發現，從而造(zào)成了連環追(zhui)尾事故，緻使(shǐ)最前面的車(che)破壞嚴重。水(shui)錘效應就是(shì)與這個類似(si)。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通常，在閥門(men)接近關閉時(shí)閉合元件突(tu)然吸入閥座(zuò)，稱為溶缸閉(bì)鎖效應。

溶缸閉鎖效(xiao)應是由低推(tuī)力執行機構(gòu)所造成的，該(gāi)執行機構沒(méi)💞有足夠的推(tui)力以保持在(zai)接近閥座的(de)🏃‍♂️位置，導緻泵(beng)的突然關閉(bì)🛀或閥門的突(tū)然關閉，從而(er)産生水♻️錘效(xiao)應。對于控制(zhi)閥，在某些情(qing)況下，快開型(xíng)流量特性的(de)閥門也能導(dǎo)緻水錘效應(yīng)。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.

雖然水(shuǐ)錘産生很大(da)的噪音，但真(zhēn)正的損害是(shi)由機械失😄效(xiao)造成的。因為(wei)由動能急劇(ju)地變化成靜(jìng)态的管線💁壓(yā)力，水錘會沖(chòng)破管線或損(sun)傷管子支架(jia)和損♍害管線(xiàn)接頭。對于閥(fa)門，水錘能夠(gou)通過閥芯産(chan)生嚴重振動(dòng)，它可能導緻(zhì)閥芯、墊片或(huò)填料的失效(xiào)。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對(duì)于閥門，防止水錘的(de)辦法是防止系統任(rèn)何突然的壓(yā)力變化。

For valve,the way toprevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.

包括放慢閥(fá)門本身的關(guān)閉速度或當(dang)閉合元件接(jie)近閥座時提(tí)供較大程度(dù)的拉力和剛(gang)性。為防止壓(yā)力波🧡動，閥門(mén)應以均勻變(biàn)動的速度進(jin)行關閉。在某(mou)些情況下，當(dang)使用快開特(te)性，可以要求(qiu)改變為等百(bai)分比特性。對(dui)于在接近閥(fa)座時🌈必須節(jiē)流的控制閥(fa)，應當使用輸(shū)出推力足夠(gòu)♊大的執行機(jī)構，如活塞式(shi)💰氣動執行機(ji)構或液壓執(zhi)行機👨‍❤️‍👨構，或在(zài)手動旋轉的(de)操作器的行(háng)程套管上設(shè)🐆置特殊缺口(kǒu)，将減少或防(fáng)♻️止溶缸閉鎖(suo)效應。在管線(xiàn)系統上設置(zhì)🎯某種類型的(de)防波動措施(shi)也能減少水(shui)錘。可使用壓(yā)力洩放♉閥或(huo)🏃‍♀️緩沖桶完成(chéng)。此外氣體可(ke)被注入系統(tǒng)内，氣體的注(zhu)入能減少流(liú)體的密度并(bing)提供某些壓(ya)縮性以處理(lǐ)任何突然的(de)波動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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